---
title: "Deep Insights into Programming Languages"
date: 2022-05-03
authors: [Jagger]
tags: [insight]
image: ./language.png
description: In this chapter, we will share with you some of the top programming language repos (PL repos) on GitHub in 2021 measured by different metrics including the number of stars, PRs, contributors, countries, regions and so on.   
keywords: [Programming Language, tidb, top ranking, github, database, github archive, gitHub metrics]
---

import {CommonChart} from "../../src/components/CommonChart";

In this chapter, we will share with you some of **the top programming language repos (PL repos) on GitHub in 2021** measured by different metrics including the number of stars, PRs, contributors, countries, regions and so on. 

<!--truncate-->

Note: 

1. You can move your cursor onto any of the repository bars/lines on the chart and get the exact number. 
2. The SQL commands above each chart are what we use on TiDB Cloud to get the analytical results. Try those SQL commands by yourselves on TiDB Cloud with this [10-minute tutorial](/blog/try-it-yourself/).


## Star history of top PL repos since 2011

<CommonChart
    chart='dynamic-stars'
    category='archive/2021/repo-racing-by-stars'
    formatSql={false}
    field='programming_language'
/>

## Top 10 most starred PL repos in 2021

<CommonChart
    chart='barchart'
    category='archive/2021/repo-ranking-by-stars-growth'
    formatSql={false}
    categoryIndex='repo_name'
    valueIndex='stars'
    seriesName='Stars'
    field='programming_language'
    n={10}
/>

## Top 10 PL repos with the most PRs in 2021

<CommonChart
    chart='barchart'
    category='archive/2021/repo-ranking-by-prs'
    formatSql={false}
    categoryIndex='repo_name'
    valueIndex='prs'
    seriesName='PRs'
    field='programming_language'
    n={10}
/>

## Top 20 developers contributed the most PRs to PL repos in 2021

<CommonChart
    chart='barchart'
    category='archive/2021/repo-pr-creator-ranking-by-prs'
    formatSql={false}
    categoryIndex='actor_login'
    valueIndex='prs'
    categoryType='owner'
    seriesName='PRs'
    field='programming_language'
    n={20}
/>


## Top 9 PL repos with the highest YoY growth rate of stars in 2021

<CommonChart
    chart='yoychart'
    category='archive/2021/repo-ranking-by-yoy-stars-growth'
    formatSql={false}
    field='programming_language'
/>

## Top 10 PL repos with the lowest YoY growth rate of stars in 2021

<CommonChart
    chart='yoychart'
    category='archive/2021/repo-ranking-by-yoy-stars-growth-least'
    formatSql={false}
    field='programming_language'
/>

## Top 20 companies contributing the most to PL repos in 2021

<CommonChart
    chart='barchart'
    category='archive/2021/company-ranking-by-contributions'
    formatSql={false}
    categoryIndex='company'
    valueIndex='contributions'
    seriesName='Contributions'
    categoryType={false}
    field='programming_language'
    n={20}
/>

## Top countries or regions contributing to OSS programming languages

<CommonChart
    chart='worldmapchart'
    category='archive/2021/country-ranking-by-contributions'
    formatSql={false}
    categoryIndex='country_code'
    valueIndex='contributions'
    seriesName='Contributions'
    field='programming_language'
    n={255}
/>

## The rankings of PL repos measured by Z-score in 2021

The analytical results displayed above are generated based on just one single metric of these three: stars, PRs, or contributors. Now, we will use the [Z-score](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_score) method to rank PL repos on GitHub.

This is the comprehensive ranking calculated by z-score:

<CommonChart
    chart='zscorechart'
    category='archive/2021/repo-ranking-by-z-score'
    formatSql={false}
    field='programming_language'
    n={50}
/>
